Five hundred years ago today, Martin Luther wrote a letter from the cloister at Erfurt, Germany, to his friend, the elderly John Braun , O.F.M., vicar of the St. Mary’s Chapter in Eisenach. It is the oldest surviving letter we have from Luther.

In his letter he invited Braun to attend the celebration of Luther’s first mass as a Roman Catholic priest, “on the fourth Sunday following Easter,” May 2, 1507. He explained that “this day was set aside to celebrate my first mass before God, since it is convenient to my father.”

Luther’s relationship with Braun dated back to his attendance at school in Eisenach from 1498 to 1501, and he apparently had seen him recently and felt they were close enough to ask the old man to make the 68 mile journey, for he wrote:

To this then, kind friend, I invite you humbly, perhaps even boldly. I do this certainly not because I consider myself in a position, due to favors I may have granted you (there are none), to request you to inconvenience yourself with the trouble of such a journey to visit me, a poor and humble man; but I do so because I experienced your good will and your obvious kindness toward me when I visited you the other day, and in great abundance on many other occasions.

[Luther's Works, J. J. Pelikan, H. C. Oswald, and H. T. Lehmann, eds., Volume 48: Letters I, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1963 and 1999).]

Luther also invited Braun to bring anyone who wanted to come, and suggested one of his own relatives whom Braun knew, Conrad Hutter, who was related to Luther on his mother’s side. In a postscript, however, he advised Braun that he did not want to “burden” the Schalbe family with an invitation, one of whom had provided him with free board. He also warned Braun not to expect deluxe accommodations.

Finally I urge you to come right into our monastery to stay with us this little while (I am not afraid that you will settle down here!) and not to look elsewhere for quarters. You will have to become a cellarius, that is, an inhabitant of a monastic cell.

[Ibid.]

On this day in 1505, Martin Luther entered the monastery of the Augustinian Eremites in Erfurt, Germany.

Leo X by Giulio RomanoOn this day in 1513, the Roman Catholic College of Cardinals, meeting as the Papal Conclave, elected Giovanni de’ Medici as pope.

On this day in 1502 Martin Luther received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Erfurt.

On this day in 1511, Pope Julius II issued a papal bull calling for an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church to assemble on 19 April 1512, in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (the Fifth Council of the Lateran).

Van Orley’s portrait of Charles VOn this day in 1500, Joanna (Juana) of Castile (1479-1555) gave birth to a son, Charles (Carlos), by her husband, Philip (Felipe) I of Castile (1478-1506), in the Belgian city of Ghent, which was then part of the Holy Roman Empire. His maternal grandparents were King Ferdinand (1452-1516) and Queen Isabella (1451-1504) of Spain, which made him both heir to the throne of that country and the nephew of Joanna’s sister, of Catherine (Catalina) of Aragon (1485-1536). His father, in the meantime, was the son of Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I (1459-1519).

Thus by the time he was 19 Charles was the most powerful man in Europe, ruling over a vast territory that included Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, the kingdom of Naples (southern Italy), Sicily, and Austria (until 1521, when Austria was assigned to his brother, Ferdinand).

Thomas Arundel preachingOn this day in 1408, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel (1353-1414) authorized the Constitutions of Oxford. This document was a reaction against the spreading influence of John Wycliffe (c. 1320-1384) and his followers, who were called the Lollards. It condemned their work, and it also prohibited unlicensed laity from teaching or writing theology and translating the Bible into English.

Philipp Melancthon engravingOn this day in 1597, Philipp Melancthon was born at Bretten, near Karlsruhe, where his father, Georg Schwarzerd, was armorer to Count Palatine Philip.

berthold-von-henneberg.jpgOn this day in 1496, Archbishop Berthold von Henneberg wrote, “The Italians ought to reward the Germans for their services, and not drain the sacerdotal body with frequent extortions of gold.” [Source: Will Durant, The Reformation, (New York: MJF Books, 1985), 330.]

John Wycliffe Reading His Translation of the Bible to John of GauntOn this day in 1384, John Wycliffe (born around 1320) died in Lutterworth, England after being struck by apoplexy while hearing mass in the parish church on Holy Innocents’ Day, December 28.

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